Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device is provided, including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer, wherein the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, wherein the host includes at least one selected from a phosphine oxide-based compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containing compound, and a cyano group-containing compound, and the dopant satisfies Equation 1, wherein, in Equation 1, E D, S1  refers to a singlet state energy level (eV) of the dopant; and E D, T1  refers to a triplet state energy level (eV) of the dopant:
 
| E   D,S1   −E   D,T1 |≤0.2 eV.  Equation 1

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2017-0153975, filed on Nov. 17, 2017, in the KoreanIntellectual Property Office, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an organiclight-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that may havewide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent characteristics in terms of luminance, driving voltage, andresponse speed, compared to devices in the related art.

An example organic light-emitting device may include a first electrodeon a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, anelectron transport region, and a second electrode sequentially stackedon the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may movetoward the emission layer through the hole transport region, andelectrons provided from the second electrode may move toward theemission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (such asholes and electrons) may recombine in the emission layer to produceexcitons. These excitons may transition from an excited state to aground state to thereby generate light.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an organiclight-emitting device having high efficiency and a long lifespan

Additional aspects of embodiments will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows and, in part, will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure provide anorganic light-emitting device including:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode; and

an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrodeand including an emission layer,

wherein the emission layer includes a host and a dopant,

wherein the host includes at least one compound selected from aphosphine oxide-based compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, atriazine-containing compound, and a cyano group-containing compound, andthe dopant satisfies Equation 1:|E _(D,S1) −E _(D,T1)|≤0.2 eV,  Equation 1

wherein, in Equation 1,

E_(D, S1) refers to a singlet state energy level (eV) of the dopant; and

E_(D, T1) refers to a triplet state energy level (eV) of the dopant, and

an electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the organic light-emittingdevice satisfies Equation 2 and Equation 3:EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX)<0.1  Equation 2Δ(MAX)<470 nm,  Equation 3

wherein, in Equations 2 and 3,

EL(λ=420 nm) refers to an EL intensity at an emission wavelength of 420nm;

EL(λ=MAX) refers to an EL intensity at a maximum emission wavelength;and

λ(MAX) refers to a maximum emission wavelength.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, anelectronic apparatus includes:

the organic light-emitting device; and

a thin film transistor,

wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is inelectrical contact with one of a source electrode and a drain electrodeof the thin film transistor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects of embodiments will become apparent and morereadily appreciated from the following description of the exampleembodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an energy level diagram for explaining delayed fluorescence ofa light-emitting material;

FIG. 3 shows electroluminescence (EL) spectra of organic light-emittingdevices manufactured according to Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1and 2; and

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the conversion efficiency of organiclight-emitting devices manufactured according to Example 1 andComparative Examples 1 and 2, wherein the conversion efficiency dependson a value of EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX) and is obtained by dividing acurrent efficiency (Cd/A) by a CIE_Y coordinate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described in more detail withreference to example embodiments The disclosure may, however, beembodied in many different forms and should not be construed as beinglimited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these exampleembodiments are provided so that this disclosure is more thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the concept of the disclosure to thoseskilled in the art. Advantages, features, and how to achieve them ofembodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent by referenceto embodiments that will be described in more detail herein, togetherwith the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, beembodied in many different forms and should not be limited to theexample embodiments.

Hereinafter, embodiments are described in more detail by referring tothe accompanying drawings, and in the drawings, like reference numeralsdenote like elements, and duplicative explanations thereof may not beprovided herein.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise.

It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or“comprising” used herein specify the presence of stated features orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features or components.

It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component isreferred to as being “on” or “onto” another layer, region, or component,it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, orcomponent. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, orcomponents may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred toas being “directly on” another element, no intervening elements arepresent.

The sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings may beexaggerated for convenience of explanation. In other words, since sizesand thicknesses of components in the drawings may be arbitrarilyillustrated for convenience of explanation, the embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

Expressions such as “at least one of”, and “one of”, when preceding alist of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modifythe individual elements of the list.

An organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may include: a first electrode; a second electrodefacing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the firstelectrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer,wherein the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, the host mayinclude at least one compound selected from a phosphine oxide-basedcompound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containingcompound, and a cyano group-containing compound, and the dopant maysatisfy Equation 1:|E _(D,S1) −E _(D,T1)|≤0.2 eV,  Equation 1

In Equation 1,

E_(D, S1) refers to a singlet state energy level (eV) of the dopant, and

E_(D, T1) refers to a triplet state energy level (eV) of the dopant.

E_(D, S1) and E_(D, T1) may be simulation (e.g., calculated) valuesobtained from quantum chemical calculations. The quantum chemicalcalculations may be performed using any suitable computational chemistrysoftware package such as, for example, Gaussian 09, which is a quantumchemical calculation program manufactured by Gaussian Inc. (Wallingford,Conn.). For example, the quantum chemical calculations may be carriedout using density functional theory (DFT), with B3LYP as a functionaland 6-31 G* as a basis set (e.g., the set of basis functions). Inperforming the quantum chemical calculations, a structure optimizationof the dopant may be performed using time-dependent density functionaltheory (TD-DFT), and a triplet state energy level of the dopant may thenbe calculated.

The dopant may be a delayed fluorescence emitter. The term “delayedfluorescence” may refer to fluorescence that is emitted by singlet stateexcitons (S₁→S₀) after the excitons transition from a triplet state (T₁)to a higher energy level singlet state S₁.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relative energy levels of a dopanthaving a ground state S₀, a triplet state T₁, and a singlet state S₁. InFIG. 2, (a) shows the fluorescence emitted by losing energy (e.g.,radiative decay) from a singlet state S₁ energy level to a ground stateS₀ energy level by light, (b) shows the phosphorescence emitted bylosing energy (e.g., radiative decay) from a triplet state T₁ energylevel to a ground state S₀ energy level by light, and (c) shows thedelayed fluorescence emitted by losing energy (e.g., radiative decay)from a singlet state S₁ energy level to a ground state S₀ energy levelby light, wherein the singlet state S₁ is populated by reverseintersystem crossing (RISC) from the triplet state T₁ and the singletstate S₁. Here, the term “reverse intersystem crossing” refers to aradiationless process in which a system transitions between stateshaving different spin multiplicities (e.g., a radiationless transitionfrom the triplet state T₁ to the singlet state S₁).

In some embodiments, the dopant emitting delayed fluorescence may be acompound having a gap (ΔE_(ST)) of 0.2 eV or less between the tripletstate energy level (E_(D, T1)) and the singlet state energy level(E_(D), si) as shown in Equation 1. When the gap ΔE_(ST) is within therange above, the energy transfer from the triplet state T₁ energy levelto the singlet state S₁ energy level may easily occur.

In one or more embodiments, the organic light-emitting device has anelectroluminescence (EL) spectrum satisfying Equation 2 and Equation 3:EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX)<0.1  Equation 2Δ(MAX)<470 nm.  Equation 3

In Equations 2 and 3,

EL(λ=420 nm) refers to an EL intensity at an emission wavelength of 420nm;

EL(λ=MAX) refers to an EL intensity at a maximum emission wavelength;and

λ(MAX) refers to a maximum emission wavelength.

In the EL spectrum, when a ratio of an EL intensity at A=420 nm to an ELintensity at λ(MAX) is 0.1 or greater, the efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device may be significantly reduced. In this regard,maintaining EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX)<0.1 may reduce a ratio of light witha strong energy at a wavelength of 420 nm or less in the entirespectrum, resulting in an increase in the efficiency and stability ofthe organic light-emitting device.

In one or more embodiments, the host and the dopant may satisfy Equation4 and Equation 5:|E _(H1,HOMO) −E _(D,HOMO)|≤0.5 eV  Equation 4|E _(H1,LUMO) −E _(D,LUMO)|≤0.5 eV.  Equation 5

In Equations 4 and 5,

E_(H1, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbital energy levelof the host;

E_(D, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbital energy levelof the dopant;

E_(H1, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energylevel of the host; and

E_(D, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levelof the dopant.

A gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of thedopant and the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of thehost or a gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energylevel of the dopant and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energylevel of the host is less than 0.5 eV or less. In this regard, thecharge transfer from the host to the dopant may easily occur, andaccordingly, the organic light-emitting device including the host andthe dopant may have excellent emission efficiency.

In some embodiments, the host may be an electron-transporting host.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound representedby one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-3:

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,

A₁₁ may be a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

n1 may be an integer of 1 to 5,

n2 may be 1 or 2,

X₁₁ may be C(R₁₄) or N, X₁₂ may be C(R₁₅) or N, X₁₃ may be C(R₁₆) or N,and at least two selected from X₁₁ to X₁₃ may each independently be N,

X₁₄ may be oxygen (O), sulfur (S), or selenium (Se),

when n2 is 1, A may be (R₁₁)_(b11), and when n2 is 2, A may be *—O—*′ or*—S—*′,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ may each independently be selected from a single bond, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

a11 to a13 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, whena11 is two or more, two or more L₁₁(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, when a12 is two or more, two or more L₁₂(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, and when a13 is two or more,two or more L₁₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

R₁₁ to R₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁),—S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b11 to b13 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, whenb11 is two or more, two or more R₁₁(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, when b12 is two or more, two or more R₁₂(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, and when b13 is two or more,two or more R₁₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, thesubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

where Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may eachindependently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,and a cyano group; a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group; a biphenyl group, and aterphenyl group, and

* and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboringatom.

In some embodiments, the host may include a first host and a secondhost, wherein the first host may include at least one selected from aphosphine oxide-based compound, a pyrimidine-containing compound, atriazine-containing compound, and cyano group-containing compound, andthe second host may include at least one compound selected from acarbazole-containing compound, an acridine derivative compound, and anamine-based compound. In some embodiments, the first host and the secondhost may be different from each other.

In some embodiments, the second host and the dopant may satisfy Equation6 and Equation 7:|E _(H2,HOMO) −E _(D,HOMO)|≤0.5 eV,  Equation 6|E _(H2,LUMO) −E _(D,LUMO)|≤0.5 eV.  Equation 7

In Equations 6 and 7,

E_(H2, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbital energy levelof the second host;

E_(D, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbital energy levelof the dopant;

E_(H2, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energylevel of the second host; and

E_(D, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levelof the dopant.

In some embodiments, a gap between the highest occupied molecularorbital energy level of the dopant and the highest occupied molecularorbital energy level of the second host and/or a gap between the lowestunoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the dopant and the lowestunoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the second host may be lessthan or equal to 0.5 eV (e.g., as expressed in Equations 6 and 7). Whenthe second host and dopant have these relative energy levels, chargetransfer from the second host to the dopant may easily occur, andaccordingly, the organic light-emitting device including the second hostand the dopant may have excellent emission efficiency.

In some embodiments, the second host may be a hole-transporting host.

In some embodiments, the second host may include a compound representedby one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-4:

In Formulae 2-1 to 2-4, A₂₁ to A₂₄ may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group,

X₂₁ may be selected from a single bond and C(R₂₅)(R₂₆),

L₂₁ to L₂₅ may each independently be selected from a single bond, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

a21 to a25 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, whena21 is two or more, two or more L₂₁(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, when a22 is two or more, two or more L₂₂(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, when a23 is two or more, twoor more L₂₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other, whena24 is two or more, two or more L₂₄(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, and when a25 is two or more, two or more L₂₅(s) may beidentical to or different from each other,

R₂₁ to R₂₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁₎(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁),—S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b21 to b26 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, whenb21 is two or more, two or more R₂₁(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, when b22 is two or more, two or more R₂₂(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, when b23 is two or more, twoor more R₂₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other, whenb24 is two or more, two or more R₂₄(s) may be identical to or differentfrom each other, when b25 is two or more, two or more R₂₅(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, and when b26 is two or more,two or more R₂₆(S) may be identical to or different from each other,

m1 and m2 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5, and

at least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, thesubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

where Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may eachindependently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,and a cyano group; a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group; a biphenyl group, and aterphenyl group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and 2-1 to 2-4,

L₁₁ to L₁₃ and L₂₁ to L₂₅ may each independently be selected from abenzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group,an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, anacenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, ananthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylenegroup, pentaphenylene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, arubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, animidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an iso-indole group, an indolegroup, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, anisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, anaphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acinnoline group, a carbazole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridinegroup, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, abenzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophenegroup, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, abenzothiazole group, an iso-oxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazolegroup, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, abenzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, abenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a pentalene group, an indene group, a naphthalenegroup, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, anacenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, ananthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylenegroup, pentaphenylene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, arubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, animidazole group, a pyrazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an iso-indole group, an indolegroup, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, anisoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, anaphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acinnoline group, a carbazole group, a phenanthridine group, an acridinegroup, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoxazole group, abenzimidazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, a thiophenegroup, a benzothiophene group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, abenzothiazole group, an iso-oxazole group, an oxazole group, a triazolegroup, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, abenzoxazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, abenzocarbazole group, and a dibenzocarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptylgroup, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group,a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),and —P(═S)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

where Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, and a cyano group; a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group; a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

For example, L₁₁ to L₁₃ and L₂₁ to L₂₅ may each independently beselected from:

a benzene group and a pyridine group; and

a benzene group and a pyridine group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aC₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃).

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and 2-1 to 2-4,

R₁₁ to R₁₃ and R₂₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, aphenyl group, and a biphenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group,an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, anisoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolylgroup, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a cyano group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, afuranyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, abenzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, atriazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a benzoxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁),—S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂),

where Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group; a C₆-C₆₀aryl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,and a cyano group; a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The first host may be selected from the following compounds, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The second host may be selected from the following compounds, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the dopant may be a compound represented by one ofFormulae 3-1 to 3-4:[EDG]_(m)-{A _(n)-[EWG]_(o)}_(p),  Formula 3-1[EWG]_(q)-{A _(r)-[EDG]_(s)}_(t),  Formula 3-2[EWG]-A-[EDG]-B-[EWG],  Formula 3-3[EDG]-A-[EWG]-B-[EDG].  Formula 3-4

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-4,

EDG refers to an electron donating group, and may include a functionalgroup that effectively donates an electron pair via a π orbital or anon-covalent electron pair. For example, the EDG may include at leastone selected from —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (e.g., an amine group), a substituted orunsubstituted carbazole group, a substituted or unsubstituted acridinegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,10-dihydroacridine group, asubstituted or unsubstituted phenoxazine group, a substituted orunsubstituted phenothiazine group, and a substituted or unsubstitutedphenazine group; and

EWG refers to an electron withdrawing group, and may include afunctional group that effectively accepts an electron by way of anelement (e.g., atom) having a greater electronegativity than carbon, orvia a functional group capable of forming a partial positive charge. Forexample, the EWG may include at least one selected from —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —S(═O)₂—, —P(═O)(Q₁)-, —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),—CF₃, a cyano group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group having at least onemoiety represented by *—N═*′.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-4, A and B, which each independently serve as alinking group coupling or connecting the EDG and the EWG, may eachindependently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-4, A and B may optionally be linked (e.g., coupled)to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group;

n and r may each independently 0 or 1,

m, o, p, q, s, and t may each independently be an integer of 1 to 10,and

Q₁ and Q₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

In some embodiments, the EDG may include at least one selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted acridine group and a substituted orunsubstituted 9,10-dihydroacridine group, and the EWG may include atleast one selected from —S(═O)₂—, —CF₃, a cyano group, and a substitutedor unsubstituted triazine group.

For example, examples of the compounds represented by Formula 3-1 to 3-4are as follows, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto:

Synthesis methods of the compound represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to1-3, the compound represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-4, and thecompound represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-4 may be recognized byone of ordinary skill in the art by referring to the Examples describedherein.

In the emission layer, a weight ratio of the first host to the secondhost may be about 1:0.05 to about 0.05:1. For example the weight ratioof the first host to the second host may be about 80:20, about 70:30,about 60:40, about 50:50, about 40:60, about 30:70, or about 20:80. Forexample, a weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound maybe about 5:5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. When the weight ratio of the first compound to the secondcompound is within these ranges, hole mobility and electron mobility inthe emission layer may be efficiently balanced with respect to eachother.

In some embodiments, an amount of the dopant in the emission layer maybe about 0.01 parts to about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts byweight of the emission layer.

In some embodiments, blue light may be emitted from the emission layer(e.g., the emission layer may emit blue light). For example, blue lighthaving a maximum emission wavelength of about 392 nm to about 460 nm at77 Kelvin may be emitted from the emission layer, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the first electrode may be an anode and the secondelectrode may be a cathode, and the organic light-emitting device mayfurther include a hole transport region between the first electrode andthe emission layer, and an electron transport region between theemission layer and the second electrode.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include a holeinjection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, anelectron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the electrontransport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electrontransport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include acharge-generation material. The charge-generation material may be ap-dopant, wherein the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecularorbital (LUMO) level of −3.5 eV or less.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include ametal-containing material, wherein the metal-containing material mayinclude a lithium (Li) complex.

An electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may include the organic light-emitting device and a thin filmtransistor, wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emittingdevice may be in electrical contact with one of a source electrode and adrain electrode of the thin film transistor.

The term “organic layer” as used herein may refer to a single layerand/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the secondelectrode of an organic light-emitting device. The material included inthe “organic layer” is not limited to being an organic material.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emittingdevice 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Theorganic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, anorganic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a method ofmanufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 will be described inconnection with FIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

In FIG. 1, an additional substrate may be under the first electrode 110and/or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glasssubstrate and/or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanicalstrength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease ofhandling, and/or water resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing and/or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming a firstelectrode may be selected from materials with a high work function tofacilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the firstelectrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming afirst electrode may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zincoxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and combinationsthereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto. When the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrodeor a reflective electrode, the material for forming the first electrode110 may be selected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and combinations thereof. However, thematerial for forming the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but embodiments of the structure of the first electrode 110 are notlimited thereto.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 may be on the first electrode 110. The organiclayer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have: i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and an electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a hole injectionlayer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injectionlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transportlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein theconstituting layers of each structure are sequentially stacked on thefirst electrode 110 in the stated order, but embodiments of thestructure of the hole transport region are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB,methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine(TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound representedby Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer of 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may be optionally linked(e.g., coupled) via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be optionally linked(e.g., coupled) via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group.

In one or more embodiments, regarding Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃) and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1,or 2.

In one or more embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In one or more embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independentlybe selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 201, at least one of R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃may each independently be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may belinked (e.g., coupled) via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ maybe linked (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 202, at least one of R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄may be selected from:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may befurther represented by Formula 201A:

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may befurther represented by Formula 201A(1), but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may befurther represented by Formula 201A-1, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may befurther represented by Formula 202A:

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may befurther represented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may each independentlybe the same as described above,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₂₀₃, and

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

The thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the holetransport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and ahole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may beabout 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about1,000 Å; and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be about 50 Åto about 2,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. Whenthe thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer,and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, excellent orsuitable hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency bycompensating for an optical resonance distance according to thewavelength of light emitted by an emission layer (e.g., by adjusting theoptical resonance distance in the device to match the wavelength oflight emitted from the emission layer), and the electron blocking layermay block or reduce the flow of electrons from an electron transportregion. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer mayeach independently include the materials as described above.

P-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thesematerials, a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive properties. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In some embodiments, the p-dopant may have a LUMO energy level of −3.5eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from:

a quinone derivative (such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and/or2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ));

a metal oxide (such as tungsten oxide and/or molybdenum oxide);

1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one ofR₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may have at least one substituent selected from a cyanogroup, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —F, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel (e.g., corresponding to a group of sub-pixels).In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may have a stackedstructure including two or more layers selected from a red emissionlayer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, in which thetwo or more layers may contact each other or may be separated from eachother. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include two ormore materials selected from a red light-emitting material, a greenlight-emitting material, and a blue light-emitting material, in whichthe two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer toemit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

In some embodiments, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant,and the dopant may satisfy Formula 1 and emit delayed fluorescence.

In some embodiments, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant,and the host may include a first host and a second host.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be about 0.01 parts toabout 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å,for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of theemission layer is within this range, excellent light-emissioncharacteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

Host in Emission Layer

In some embodiments, the first host may include at least one compoundselected from a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containingcompound, and a cyano group-containing compound, and the second host mayinclude at least one compound selected from a carbazole-containingcompound, an acridine derivative compound, and an amine-based compound.

In one or more embodiments, the host may further include, in addition tothe first host and the second host, any suitable host available in theart.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound representedby Formula 301:[Ar₃₀₁]_(xb11)-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb21).  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),—B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5, and

Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, in Formula 301, Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group. However, embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

When xb11 in Formula 301 is two or more, two or more Ar301(s) may belinked (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 maybe further represented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A₃₀₁ to A₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a pyridine group,a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, adibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, adibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, adinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, abenzonaphthothiophene group, and a dinaphthothiophene group,

X₃₀₁ may be O, S, or N-[(L₃₀₄)_(xb4)-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁ to R₃₁₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same asdescribed above,

L₃₀₂ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with L₃₀₁,

xb2 to xb4 may each independently be the same as described in connectionwith xb1, and

R₃₀₂ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₃₀₁.

For example, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, L₃₀₁ to L₃₀₄ may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as described above.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R₃₀₁ to R₃₀₄ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ and Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metalcomplex. For example, the host may be selected from a Be complex (forexample, Compound H55) and an Mg complex. In some embodiments, the hostmay be a Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene) (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

Phosphorescent Dopant Included in Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401:M(L₄₀₁)_(xc1)(L₄₀₂)_(xc2),  Formula 401

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁ may be selected from ligands represented by Formula 402, and xc1may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₁(s)may be identical to or different from each other,

L₄₀₂ may be an organic ligand, and xc2 may be an integer from 0 to 4,wherein, when xc2 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₂(s) may be identicalto or different from each other,

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be nitrogen (N) or carbon (C),

X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ may be linked (e.g., coupled) via a single bond or adouble bond, and X₄₀₂ and X₄₀₄ may be linked (e.g., coupled) via asingle bond or a double bond,

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅ may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′,*—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)═C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *-(Q₄₁₁)=*′, or *═C(Q₄₁₁)=*′,wherein Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆ may be a single bond, O, or S,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃),—N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and—P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, and

* and *′ in Formula 402 each indicate a binding site to M of Formula401.

In some embodiments, in Formula 402, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, afluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrolegroup, a thiophene group, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazolegroup, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, anisoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group,a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, acarbazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, abenzothiophene group, an isobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group,an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, anoxadiazole group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, and adibenzothiophene group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁ may be nitrogen, andX₄₀₂ may be carbon, or ii) X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₂ may each be nitrogen at thesame time (e.g., simultaneously).

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 402, R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanylgroup, and a norbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, a norbornanylgroup, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group,a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and adibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), and

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and anaphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, when xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, twoA₄₀₁(s) in two or more L₄₀₁(s) may optionally be linked (e.g., coupled)via X₄₀₇, which is a linking group, or two A₄₀₂(S) in two or moreL₄₀₁(s) may optionally be linked (e.g., coupled) via X₄₀₈, which is alinking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X₄₀₇ and X₄₀₈ may eachindependently be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′,*—N(Q₄₁₃)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*′, or *—C(Q₄₁₃)═C(Q₄₁₄)-*′ (wherein Q₄₁₃and Q₄₁₄ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, or a naphthyl group), but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

L₄₀₂ in Formula 401 may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L₄₀₂ may be selected from a halogen, a diketone(for example, acetylacetonate), a carboxylic acid (for example,picolinate), —C(═O), an isonitrile, —CN, and phosphorus (for example,phosphine and phosphite), but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be selectedfrom, for example, Compounds PD1 to PD25, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto:

Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by one ofFormulae 3-1 to 3-4.

The compound represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-4 may include asubstituent having an EWG property (e.g., an electron-withdrawingsubstituent) and a substituent having an EDG property (e.g., anelectron-donating substituent) within the compound. When thesesubstituents are introduced at appropriate or suitable positions, a gapbetween a singlet state S₁ energy level and a triplet state T₁ energylevel of the entire compound may be appropriately or suitablycontrolled, and the compound may thereby exhibit thermally activateddelayed fluorescence (TADF). TADF is a phenomenon in which 75% of thetriplet excitons are used for fluorescence (e.g., emit light byfluorescence) when the energy gap between the singlet state S₁ and thetriplet state T₁ of an illuminant is minimized or reduced, therebyactivating reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) at room temperaturewithout (e.g., in the absence of) a heavy element (e.g., an element withincreased spin-orbit coupling).

In some embodiments, the compound represented by one Formulae 3-1 to 3-4may have a singlet state S₁ energy level and a triplet state T₁ energylevel that satisfy Equation 1:|E _(D,S1) −E _(D,T1)|≤0.2 eV,  Equation 1

When the gap ΔE_(ST) (e.g., E_(D, S1)−E_(D, T1)) is within the rangeabove, energy transfer from the triplet state T₁ energy level to thesinglet state S₁ energy level may easily occur.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include an arylaminecompound or a styrylamine compound.

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula501:

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

L₅₀ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,and

xd4 may be an integer of 1 to 6.

In some embodiments, Ar₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, and an indenophenanthrenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ in Formula 501 may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formula 501, R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, but embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, for example, the fluorescent dopant may be selectedfrom Compounds FD1 to FD22:

In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected fromthe following compounds, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto:

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The electron transport region may have: i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from abuffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, anelectron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electrontransport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blockinglayer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, anelectron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injectionlayer structure, wherein the constituting layers of each structure aresequentially stacked on an emission layer. However, embodiments of thestructure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a holeblocking layer, an electron control layer, and/or an electron transportlayer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-freecompound containing at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containingring.

The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” refers to aC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety as aring-forming moiety.

In some embodiments, for example, the “π electron-depletednitrogen-containing ring” may be: i) a 5-membered to 7-memberedheteromonocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, ii) aheteropolycyclic group including two or more 5-membered to 7-memberedheteromonocyclic groups, each having at least one *—N═*′ moiety,condensed with each other, or iii) a heteropolycyclic group including atleast one 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having atleast one *—N═*′ moiety, condensed with at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup.

Examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring may includean imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazolegroup, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, apyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazolegroup, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, abenzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, aquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, aphenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, aphenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, abenzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, atetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazolegroup, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and anazacarbazole group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

In some embodiments, for example, the electron transport region mayinclude a compound represented by Formula 601:[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21).  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

When xe1 is greater than 1, L₆₀₁ may each independently be selected froma substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or anaphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In some embodiments, at least one Ar₆₀₁ group and R₆₀₁ group (among thetotal number of groups provided by xe11 and xe21) may include the πelectron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

In some embodiments, ring Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be selected from:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is two or more, two or more Ar₆₀₁(s) may belinked (e.g., coupled) via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be an anthracenegroup.

In one or more embodiments, a compound represented by Formula 601 may befurther represented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₅ may be N or C(R₆₁₅), X₆₁₆ may be N orC(R₆₁₆), and at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may be N,

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described inconnection with xe1,

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as described inconnection with R₆₀₁,

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In some embodiments, L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ in Formulae 601 and 601-1 mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group, but are not limited thereto,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, R₆₀₁ and R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ in Formula 601 and601-1 may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂), and

Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ may each independently be the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosureare not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include at leastone selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq,3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), and NTAZ:

The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and/or theelectron controlling layer may be about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, forexample, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the bufferlayer, the hole blocking layer, and/or the electron control group arewithin the ranges above, excellent hole blocking characteristics andelectron controlling characteristics may be obtained without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within the range describedabove, the electron transport layer may have suitable or satisfactoryelectron transport characteristics without a substantial increase indriving voltage.

The electron transport region (for example, the electron transport layerin the electron transport region) may further include, in addition tothe materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from analkali metal complex and an alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkalimetal complex may include a metal ion selected from a lithium (Li) ion,a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, and acesium (Cs) ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include ametal ion selected from a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, acalcium (Ca) ion, a strontium (Sr) ion, and a barium (Ba) ion. A ligandcoordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or thealkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from a hydroxy quinoline, ahydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, ahydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, aphenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. TheLi complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) and/or Compound ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190.The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layered structureincluding a single layer including a single material, ii) asingle-layered structure including a single layer including a pluralityof different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having aplurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkalineearth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkalineearth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metalcomplex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, orany combinations thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In someembodiments, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or moreembodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y),cerium (Ce), terbium (Tb), ytterbium (Yb), and gadolinium (Gd).

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and therare earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (forexample, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and/or iodides) of the alkalimetal, the alkaline earth-metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides (suchas Li₂O, Cs₂O, and/or K₂O), and alkali metal halides (such as LiF, NaF,CsF, KF, LiI, Nal, CsI, and/or Kl). In some embodiments, the alkalimetal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, Nal, CsI, andKl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkalineearth-metal oxides (such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (0<x<1),and/or Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (0<x<1).

In some embodiments, the alkaline earth-metal compound may be selectedfrom BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure arenot limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃,Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In some embodiments, the rare earth metalcompound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃,but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rareearth metal complex may include an alkali metal ion, alkalineearth-metal ion, and/or a rare earth metal ion as described above, and aligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, thealkaline earth-metal complex, and/or the rare earth metal complex may beselected from hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxy phenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole,hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine,phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may include (e.g., consist of) an alkalimetal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metalcompound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound,an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earthmetal complex, or any combination thereof, as described above. In one ormore embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include anorganic material. When the electron injection layer further includes anorganic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earthmetal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, arare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkalineearth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or combination thereof,that material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in amatrix including the organic material.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 1 Å to about100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of theelectron injection layer is within the range described above, theelectron injection layer may have suitable or satisfactory electroninjection characteristics without a substantial increase in drivingvoltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be on the organic layer 150 having theabove-described structure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathodethat is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, thematerial for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having alow work function, and such a material may be a metal, an alloy, anelectrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium(Li), silver (Si), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium(Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver(Mg—Ag), indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO), butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

Hereinabove, the organic light-emitting device is described by referringto FIG. 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limitedthereto.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and the layers constituting the electron transport region may eachindependently be formed in a particular region or position using one ormore suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating,casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition, ink-jet printing,laser-printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging.

When any of the layers constituting the hole transport region, theemission layer, and/or the layers constituting the electron transportregion are formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions mayinclude a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., avacuum pressure of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and a depositionrate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the materialto be included in each layer and the structure of each layer to beformed.

When any of the layers constituting the hole transport region, theemission layer, and the layers constituting the electron transportregion are formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed ata coating speed of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heattreatment temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on thematerial to be included in each layer and the structure of each layer tobe formed.

General Definitions of Some of the Substituents

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group” as used herein may refer to a linear orbranched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a methylgroup, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butylgroup, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and ahexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group” as used herein may referto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as theC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group” as used herein may refer to ahydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbondouble bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at a terminus ofthe C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include anethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group” as used herein may refer to a divalent group havingsubstantially the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group” as used herein may refer to ahydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbontriple bond at a main chain (e.g., in the middle) or at a terminus ofthe C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and non-limiting examples thereof may include anethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group”as used herein may refer to a divalent group having substantially thesame structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group” as used herein may refer to a monovalentgroup represented by —OA₁₀₁(wherein A₁₀₁ is a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), andnon-limiting examples may thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, and an isopropoxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group” as used herein may refer to amonovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbonatoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopropylgroup, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, anda cycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group” as usedherein may refer to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein may refer to amonovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof may include a1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, atetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group”as used herein may refer to a divalent group having substantially thesame structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group” as used herein may refer to amonovalent monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least onecarbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity (e.g.,the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group is not aromatic), and non-limitingexamples thereof may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenylgroup, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylenegroup” as used herein may refer to a divalent group having substantiallythe same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein may refer to amonovalent monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected fromN, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and atleast one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolylgroup, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group.The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein may referto a divalent group having substantially the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as used herein may refer to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms,and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylene group” as used herein may refer to adivalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may includea phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group each include two or more rings, therings may be fused (e.g., condensed) to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group” as used herein may refer to amonovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system that has at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom,in addition to 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup” as used herein may refer to a divalent group having aheterocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, in addition to 1 to 60carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group mayinclude a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and anisoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may befused (e.g., condensed) to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group” as used herein may refer to —OA₁₀₂(wherein A₁₀₂ is a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and the term “C₆₋₆₀ arylthiogroup” as used herein may refer to —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as usedherein may refer to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, onlycarbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entiremolecular structure (e.g., the entire molecule is not aromatic). Anon-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup may be a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group” as used herein may refer to a divalent grouphaving substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein may refer to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom,and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure (e.g., the entiremolecule is not aromatic). A non-limiting example of the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be a carbazolyl group.The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” asused herein may refer to a divalent group having substantially the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group” as used herein may refer to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms in which aring-forming atom is a carbon atom only. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclicgroup. The C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a ring (such as benzene), amonovalent group (such as a phenyl group), or a divalent group (such asa phenylene group). In one or more embodiments, depending on the numberof substituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group” as used herein may refer to a grouphaving substantially the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,except that as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S is used in addition to carbon (the number ofcarbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60).

At least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph” as used herein may refer to a phenyl group; the term “Me”as used herein may refer to a methyl group, the term “Et” as used hereinmay refer to an ethyl group, the terms “ter-Bu” and/or “But” as usedherein may refer to a tert-butyl group, and the term “OMe” as usedherein may refer to a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group” as used herein may refer to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group.” A “biphenyl group” is an example of asubstituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group (specifically, aphenyl group) as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group” as used herein may refer to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group.” A “terphenyl group” is an example ofa substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group (specifically, a phenyl group substituted with aphenyl group) as a substituent.

* and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, may each refer to abinding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentof the present disclosure will be described in more detail withreference to Synthesis Examples and Examples.

EVALUATION EXAMPLE Evaluation Example: Evaluation of Triplet EnergyLevel and Singlet Energy Level of Compound

Singlet energy levels (E_(D, S1)) and triplet energy levels (E_(D, T1))of compounds used as dopants in Examples 1 and 2 were calculated, andthe results thereof are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1 Singlet Triplet ΔE_(ST) = energy energy | E_(D), _(S1) − level(E_(D), _(S1)) level (E_(D), _(T1)) E_(D), _(T1) | Compound (eV) (eV)(eV) Example 1 DMTDAc 3.02 3.01 0.01 Example 2 DMAC-DPS 3.0 2.91 0.09

EXAMPLES Example 1

On an ITO substrate having a thickness of 1,000 Å, HAT-CN was depositedto form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å. HT3 wasdeposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layerhaving a thickness of 500 Å. Then, on the hole transport layer, a host,i.e., DPEPO and TSPO1 (at a weight ratio of 1:1) and a dopant, i.e.,DMTDAc, were co-deposited to have a dopant concentration of 20%, therebyforming an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å. TSPO1 was thendeposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layerhaving a thickness of 300 Å, and Mg was deposited on the electrontransport layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,000 Å, therebycompleting the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device:

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that DPEPO was used instead of themixture of DPEPO and TSPO1 (host) and DMAC-DPS was used instead ofDMTDAc (dopant) in forming an emission layer:

DMAC-DPS

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that MCBP was used as a host informing an emission layer:

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that MCBP and TSPO1 were used as ahost in forming an emission layer.

Comparative Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in substantially thesame manner as in Example 1, except that DPEPO was used as a host andDMTDAc was used as a dopant in forming an emission layer.

Three organic light-emitting devices (manufactured according to Example1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2) having substantially the samemaximum emission wavelength but a different spectral profile (includinga different intensity at λ=420 nm, as shown in FIG. 3) were subjected toa comparison of efficiency characteristics, depending on the ratio ofthe EL intensity at λ=420 nm to the EL intensity at λ(MAX). Here,because the efficiencies of blue organic light-emitting devices aresensitive to the color coordinates, the conversion efficiency valueswere obtained by dividing (e.g., normalizing) the current efficiency(Cd/A) by the CIE_Y coordinate. The comparison results are shown in FIG.4. FIG. 4 shows a significant reduction in the conversion efficiency asthe EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX) ratio increases over 0.1.

The device performance characteristics (driving voltage, luminance,efficiency, etc.) of the organic light-emitting devices manufacturedaccording to Example 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 weremeasured, and the results thereof are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2 Emission Host Driving color First Second voltage LuminanceEfficiency Conversion (λmax) host host Dopant (V) (cd/m²) (cd/A)efficiency (nm) Example 1 DPEPO TSPO1 DMTDAc 5 500 19 121 464 Example 2DPEPO — DMAC- 7.5 500 20.5 106.2 470 DPS Comparative MCBP — DMTDAc 5.3500 4.3 11.9 470 Example 1 Comparative MCBP TSPO1 DMTDAc 6.9 500 9.3 49464 Example 2 Comparative DPEPO — DMTDAc 5.8 500 14.4 59.5 470 Example 3

Referring to Table 2, it was confirmed that the organic light-emittingdevice manufactured according to Example 1 had improved driving voltageand excellent I-V-L characteristics compared to the organiclight-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Examples 1to 3. In addition, it was also confirmed that the organic light-emittingdevice manufactured according to Example 2 had improved efficiencycompared to the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according toComparative Examples 1 to 3.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, anorganic light-emitting device has high efficiency and long lifespan atthe same time (e.g., concurrently or simultaneously).

As used herein, the terms “use”, “using”, and “used” may be consideredsynonymous with the terms “utilize”, “utilizing”, and “utilized”,respectively. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments ofthe present disclosure refers to “one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure”.

As used herein, the terms “substantially”, “about”, and similar termsare used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and areintended to account for the inherent deviations in measured orcalculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill inthe art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include allsubranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recitedrange. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include allsubranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 andthe recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equalto or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0,such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitationrecited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitationssubsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in thisspecification is intended to include all higher numerical limitationssubsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amendthis specification, including the claims, to expressly recite anysub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thedrawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claimsand equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and anorganic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode andcomprising an emission layer, wherein the emission layer comprises ahost and a dopant, wherein the host comprises at least one compoundselected from a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containingcompound, and a cyano group-containing compound, and the dopantsatisfies Equation 1:|E _(D,S1) −E _(D,T1)|≤0.2 eV,  Equation 1 wherein, in Equation 1,E_(D, S1) refers to a singlet state energy level (eV) of the dopant; andE_(D, T1) refers to a triplet state energy level (eV) of the dopant, andan electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the organic light-emittingdevice satisfies Equation 2 and Equation 3:EL(λ=420 nm)/EL(λ=MAX)<0.1,  Equation 2λ(MAX)<470 nm,  Equation 3 wherein, in Equations 2 and 3, EL(λ=420 nm)refers to an EL intensity at an emission wavelength of 420 nm; EL(λ=MAX)refers to an EL intensity at a maximum emission wavelength; and λ(MAX)refers to a maximum emission wavelength; and wherein the host and thedopant satisfy Equation 4 and Equation 5 simultaneously:|E _(H1,HOMO) −E _(D,HOMO)|0.5 eV,  Equation 4|E _(H1,LUMO) −E _(D,LUMO)|≤0.5 eV,  Equation 5 wherein, in Equations 4and 5, E_(H1, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbitalenergy level of the host; E_(D, HOMO) refers to a highest occupiedmolecular orbital energy level of the dopant; E_(H1, LUMO) refers to alowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the host; andE_(D, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levelof the dopant.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, whereinthe host is an electron-transporting host.
 3. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 1, wherein the host comprises a compound represented byone of Formulae 1-1 and 1-2:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A₁₁ is a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or aC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, n1 is an integer of 1 to 5, X₁₁ is C(R₁₄) orN, X₁₂ is C(R₁₅) or N, X₁₃ is C(R₁₆) or N, and at least two selectedfrom X₁₁ to X₁₃ are each N, L₁₁ to L₁₃ are each independently selectedfrom single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclicgroup, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, a11to a13 are each independently an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, when all istwo or more, two or more L₁₁(s) are identical to or different from eachother, when a12 is two or more, two or more L₁₂(s) are identical to ordifferent from each other, and when a13 is two or more, two or moreL₁₃(s) are identical to or different from each other, R₁₁ to R₁₆ areeach independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),—B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁),—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), b11 to b13 are each independently aninteger of 1 to 4, wherein, when b11 is two or more, two or more R₁₁(s)are identical to or different from each other, when b12 is two or more,two or more R₁₂(5) are identical to or different from each other, andwhen b13 is two or more, two or more R₁₃(5) are identical to ordifferent from each other, at least one substituent of the substitutedC₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selectedfrom: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),—B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃,and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyano group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl groupsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, and a cyanogroup, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group, and * and *′ eachindicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 4. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the host comprises a firsthost and a second host, wherein the first host comprises at least oneselected from a pyrimidine-containing compound, a triazine-containingcompound, and a cyano group-containing compound, and the second hostcomprises at least one selected from a carbazole-containing compound, anacridine derivative compound, and an amine-based compound, and whereinthe first host and second host are different from each other.
 5. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 4, wherein the second host andthe dopant satisfy Equation 6 and Equation 7:|E _(H2,HOMO) −E _(D,HOMO)|≤0.5 eV,  Equation 6|E _(H2,LUMO) −E _(D,LUMO)|≤0.5 eV,  Equation 7 wherein, in Equations 6and 7, E_(H2, HOMO) refers to a highest occupied molecular orbitalenergy level of the second host; E_(D, HOMO) refers to a highestoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the dopant; E_(H2, LUMO)refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of thesecond host; and E_(D, LUMO) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecularorbital energy level of the dopant.
 6. The organic light-emitting deviceof claim 4, wherein the second host is a hole-transporting host.
 7. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 4, wherein the second hostcomprises a compound represented by one of Formulae 2-1 to 2-4:

wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-4, A21 to A24 are each independently aC₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, X₂₁ is selected from a single bond andC(R₂₅)(R₂₆), L₂₁ to L₂₅ are each independently selected from a singlebond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, a21 to a25 areeach independently an integer of 1 to 4, wherein, when a21 is two ormore, two or more L₂₁(5) are identical to or different from each other,when a22 is two or more, two or more L₂₂(5) are identical to ordifferent from each other, when a23 is two or more, two or more L₂₃(5)are identical to or different from each other, when a24 is two or more,two or more L₂₄(s) are identical to or different from each other, andwhen a25 is two or more, two or more L₂₅(5) are identical to ordifferent from each other, R₂₁ to R₂₆ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂),—P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and—P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), b21 to b26 are each independently an integer of 1 to 4,wherein, when b21 is two or more, two or more R₂₁(5) are may beidentical to or different from each other, when b22 is two or more, twoor more R₂₂(5) are identical to or different from each other, when b23is two or more, two or more R₂₃(5) are identical to or different fromeach other, when b24 is two or more, two or more R₂₄(5) are identical toor different from each other, when b25 is two or more, two or moreR₂₅(5) are identical to or different from each other, and when b26 istwo or more, two or more R₂₆(5) are identical to or different from eachother, m1 and m2 are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, at leastone substituent of the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group is selected from: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃),—N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ toQ₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, and acyano group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, and a cyano group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenylgroup.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 4, wherein a weightratio of the first host to the second host is about 1:0.05 to about0.05:1.
 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein thedopant comprises a compound represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-4:[EDG]_(m)-{A _(n)-[EWG]_(o)}_(p),  Formula 3-1[EWG]_(q)-{A _(r)-[EDG]_(s)}_(t),  Formula 3-2[EWG]-A-[EDG]-B-[EWG],  Formula 3-3[EDG]-A-[EWG]-B-[EDG],  Formula 3-4 wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-4, EDGrefers to an electron donating group, and EWG refers to an electronwithdrawing group, wherein the EDG comprises at least one selected from—N(Q₁)(Q₂), a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, asubstituted or unsubstituted acridine group, a substituted orunsubstituted 9,10-dihydroacridine group, a substituted or unsubstitutedphenoxazine group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine group,and a substituted or unsubstituted phenazine group, the EWG comprises atleast one selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁),—S(═O)₂—, —P(═O)(Q₁)-, —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), —CF₃, a cyano group, and a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group having at least one moiety represented by *—N=*, Aand B are each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, A and B are optionallylinked to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupor a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, n and r areeach independently 0 or 1, m, o, p, q, s, and t are each independentlyan integer of 1 to 10, and Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.
 10. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 9, wherein the EDG comprises at least one selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted acridine group and a substituted orunsubstituted 9,10-dihydroacridine group, and the EWG comprises at leastone selected from —S(═O)₂—, —CF₃, a cyano group, and a substituted orunsubstituted triazine group.
 11. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 1, wherein the dopant is a delayed fluorescence emitter.
 12. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein an amount of thedopant in the emission layer is about 0.01 parts to about 30 parts byweight based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer.
 13. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer isto emit blue light.
 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is acathode, and the organic light-emitting device further comprises a holetransport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, andan electron transport region between the emission layer and the secondelectrode.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 14, whereinthe hole transport region comprises a hole injection layer, a holetransport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blockinglayer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport regioncomprises a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, anelectron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
 16. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 14, wherein the hole transport regioncomprises a charge-generation material.
 17. The organic light-emittingdevice of claim 16, wherein the charge-generation material is ap-dopant, and the p-dopant has a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) level of −3.5 eV or less.
 18. The organic light-emitting deviceof claim 14, wherein the electron transport region comprises ametal-containing material, and the metal-containing material comprises alithium (Li) complex.
 19. An electronic apparatus comprising: theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1; and a thin film transistor,wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is inelectrical contact with one of a source electrode and a drain electrodeof the thin film transistor.